Eddy covariance is a technique used to measure the exchange of gases, such as carbon dioxide or water vapor, between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere. This method involves measuring the fluctuations in wind speed and gas concentration at high frequencies to calculate the flux of gases between the two mediums. Eddy covariance is commonly used in studies of ecosystem carbon and water fluxes, as well as in atmospheric research to understand the dynamics of greenhouse gases. This technique provides a direct and continuous measurement of gas exchange, allowing for a detailed understanding of these processes in various ecosystems.